The aims of this review were to systematically identify the current evidence base of placebo
(or “sham”) randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for …

Background Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a surgical intervention used to treat persistent
low back pain. SCS is thought to modulate pain by sending electrical signals via implanted …

Neuropathic pain is a complex, heterogeneous disorder that affects approximately 8% of the
total adult human population and comes with significant burden for both the patient and …

With continued innovations in neuromodulation comes the need for evolving reviews of best
practices. Dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG-S) has significantly improved the treatment …

Background: Treating chronic pain using sub-perception Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS)
does not elicit paresthesia but is associated with long analgesic 'wash-in'(ie duration until …

Objectives The recent availability of paraesthesia/sensation free spinal cord stimulation
(SCS) modalities allow the design of clinical trials of SCS using placebo/sham controls and …

Introduction Intermittent dosing (ID), in which periods of stimulation-on are alternated with
periods of stimulation-off, is generally employed using 30 sec ON and 90 sec OFF intervals …

The decades-long use of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for treating a variety of pain
syndromes has now been validated by multiple randomized trials that confirm the benefit of …

Background Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard for
evaluating the efficacy of healthcare interventions. However, conflicts of interest (COIs) can …

Study Design. Prospective, international, multicenter, single-arm, post-market study.
Objective. The aim of this study was to assess long-term safety and effectiveness of spinal …