The interstellar medium is characterized by a rich and diverse chemistry. Many of its
complex organic molecules are proposed to form through radical chemistry in icy grain …

Despite the generally hostile nature of the environments involved, chemistry does occur in
space. Molecules are seen in environments that span a wide range of physical and chemical …

INTRODUCTION The Kuiper Belt hosts a swarm of distant, icy objects ranging in size from
small, primordial planetesimals to much larger, highly evolved objects, representing a whole …

Within the cold regions of space, ices that are enriched with carbon monoxide (CO)
molecules are exposed to ionizing radiation, which triggers new reactions and desorption …

In this perspective, we review experiments with molecules picked up on large clusters in
molecular beams with the focus on the processes in atmospheric and interstellar chemistry …

The recent detection of ethanolamine (EtA, HOCH CH NH), a key component of
phospholipids, ie the building blocks of cell membranes, in the interstellar medium is in line …

Astrophysical ices are exposed to different radiation fields including photons, electrons and
ions. The latter stem from interstellar cosmic rays (CR), the solar and stellar winds, shock …

Astrophysical ices are being exposed to ionizing radiation in space environments, which
trigger new reactions and desorption processes. In the lab, such processing by radiation has …

Solid ammonia (NH 3) is the only nitrogen-containing polyatomic molecule reported in both
interstellar and solar system ices. However, an examination of the literature reveals …

Bright materials have been reported in association with impact craters on Ceres. The
abundant Na 2 CO 3 and some ammonium salts, NH 4 HCO 3 and/or NH 4 Cl, were …