The empirical study of belief is emerging at a rapid clip, uniting work from all corners of
cognitive science. Reliance on belief in understanding and predicting behavior is …

Adaptation of the nervous system to different chemical and physiologic conditions is
important for the homeostasis of brain processes and for learning and remembering …

Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) provides novel insights into variabilities in neural
networks associated with the use of addictive drugs or with addictive behavioral repertoire …

The central and autonomic nervous systems can be defined by their anatomical, functional
and neurochemical characteristics, but neither functions in isolation. For example …

The habenula (Hb) is a central structure connecting forebrain to midbrain regions. This
microstructure regulates monoaminergic systems, notably dopamine and serotonin, and …

Placebos are sham medical treatments. Nonetheless, they can have substantial effects on
clinical outcomes. Placebos depend on a person's psychological and brain responses to the …

Treatment outcomes are strongly influenced by expectations, as evidenced by the placebo
effect. Meta-analyses of clinical trials reveal that placebo effects are strongest in pain …

Highlights•Computational psychiatry holds promise for mechanistic discovery in
addiction.•This approach captures latent factors driving behavioral differences from …

Uncertainty regarding which psychological mechanisms are fundamental in mediating SSRI
treatment outcomes and wide-ranging variability in their efficacy has raised more questions …

Abnormal processes of learning from prediction errors, ie the discrepancies between
expectations and outcomes, are thought to underlie motivational impairments in …