The recently introduced technique of measuring corticosterone in feathers currently provides
the longest-term measure of corticosterone in birds. This review examines the strengths …

The first comprehensive review of all aspects of the biology of moult, drawing information
from across the literature and in all birds, from penguins to passerines. Feathers are …

Urban endocrine ecology aims to understand how organisms cope with new sources of
stress and maintain allostatic load to thrive in an increasingly urbanized world. Recent …

The concept of the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) was originally developed
for improving laboratory animal welfare and is well known in biomedical and toxicologic …

Although physiological traits and phenology are thought to be evolved traits, they often show
marked variation within populations, which may be related to extrinsic factors. For example …

Measuring corticosterone in feathers allows researchers to make long-term, retrospective
assessments of physiology with non-invasive sampling. To date, there is little evidence that …

In urban environments, wild vertebrates have to adjust to new environmental challenges (eg,
modified resource availability, increased chemical, noise and light pollutions). However …

Parasites have profound fitness effects on their hosts, yet these are often sub-lethal, making
them difficult to understand and quantify. A principal sub-lethal mechanism that reduces …

Studies indicate that the evaluation of animal welfare in birds may be carried out with the
measurement of the stress-related hormone corticosterone in feathers. However a …

Early-life environmental variation can influence later-life physiology, such as the regulation
of glucocorticoids. However, characterizing the effects of environmental factors on hormone …