Stress is viewed as a state of real or perceived threat to homeostasis, the management of
which involves the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. These systems work …

Trophic relationships are a central theme in ecology and play a crucial role in the survival of
organisms, because the availability of food resources varies over time and space. Until …

Within populations, individuals often show repeatable variation in behaviour, called 'animal
personality'. In the last few decades, numerous empirical studies have attempted to …

Stress is ubiquitous and thus, not surprisingly, many hypotheses and models have been
created to better study the role stress plays in life. Stress spans fields and is found in the …

A large increase in glucocorticoid hormones can inhibit or completely shut down breeding in
wild animals. Because of its critical role in reducing glucocorticoids after exposure to …

An evolutionary perspective can enrich almost any endeavour in biology, providing a deeper
understanding of the variation we see in nature. To this end, evolutionary endocrinologists …

Background Glucocorticoid hormones are known to play a key role in mediating a cascade
of physiological responses to social and ecological stressors and can therefore influence …

Group living is thought to have important antipredator benefits for animals, owing to the
mechanisms of shared vigilance (“many-eyes” hypothesis), risk dilution (“dilution effect” …

Vertebrates respond to a diversity of stressors by rapidly elevating glucocorticoid (GC)
levels. The changes in physiology and behavior triggered by this response can be crucial for …

Plasma glucocorticoid (CORT) levels collected within 3 min of capture are commonly
believed to reflect pre-stressor, baseline CORT levels. Differences in these “baseline” values …