Climate change, as revealed by gradual changes in temperature, precipitation, atmospheric
moisture, and wind intensity, as well as sea level rise and changes in the occurrence of …

The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) is a direct descendant of the
conventional SEM, but also permits wet and insulating samples to be imaged without prior …

Salt crystallization is a significant contributor to salt-induced damage in porous materials
such as stones and concrete. However, a quantitative study of the pore-filling process …

The current theory of crystal growth in pores has been further developed to include
thermodynamics of real solutions for sodium sulfate and sodium chloride. This allows better …

Mechanical disintegration by crystal growth of salts in pores is generally considered as an
important mechanism of rock breakdown both on Earth and on Mars. Crystal growth is also a …

In this paper, influence of freeze-thaw (FT) cycles on the microstructure and hydraulic
conductivity were investigated on saline intact loess specimens by infiltrating sodium sulfate …

Experiments demonstrate that a stone containing thenardite suffers great damage when
exposed to water below the temperature limit of mirabilite stability. This is due to a transition …

The past decade has seen a growing scientific interest in the still poorly understood subject
of salt weathering, a phenomenon with significant cultural and economic consequences …

The durability of building materials with respect to salt crystallization is commonly
determined by accelerated weathering tests, carried out in the laboratory. An effective …

It is generally assumed that stone is one of the most durable materials because it is
compared to weaker building materials, such as wood or mud. But stone can deteriorate and …