l‐Glutamate (Glu) is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS and five
types of high‐affinity Glu transporters (EAAT1–5) have been identified. The transporters …

In the spinal cord, neuron and glial cells actively interact and contribute to neurofunction.
Surprisingly, both cell types have similar receptors, transporters and ion channels and also …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset paralytic disease characterized by
progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons in the motor cortex, brainstem …

Neuronal stimulation causes∼ 30% shrinkage of the extracellular space (ECS) between
neurons and surrounding astrocytes in grey and white matter under experimental conditions …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapid and fatal neurodegenerative disease, primarily
affecting upper and lower motor neurons. It is an extremely heterogeneous disease in both …

It appears almost incredible that the first indications that glutamate excites brain tissue were
obtained during the second half of the 20th century, that vesicles containing glutamate were …

The cable equation is a proper framework for modeling electrical neural signalling that takes
place at a timescale at which the ionic concentrations vary little. However, in neural tissue …

EAAT2 is a predominantly astroglial glutamate transporter responsible for the majority of
synaptic glutamate clearance in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Its …

Synapses are the functional units of the brain. They form specific contact points that drive
neuronal communication and are highly plastic in their strength, density, and shape. A …

Heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor‐like growth factor (HB‐EGF), a vascular‐derived
trophic factor, belongs to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of neuroprotective …