Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most common and fatal form of primary
invasive brain tumors as it affects a great number of patients each year and has a median …

Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common adult brain cancer. Despite
extensive treatment protocols, all glioblastomas are eventually fatal. Photodynamic therapy …

Berberine (BBR) is known for its antitumor activity and photosensitizer properties in anti-
cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), and it has previously been favorably assayed against …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising anticancer strategy based on the light energy
stimulation of photosensitizers (PS) molecules within a malignant cell. Among a multitude of …

Berberine (BBR), recognized as an oncotherapeutic phytochemical, exhibits its anti-cancer
properties via multiple molecular pathways. However, its clinical application is hindered by …

Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a newly discovered second
messenger that gates two pore channels 1 (TPC1) and 2 (TPC2) to elicit endo-lysosomal …

Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from plants of the Berberidaceae family, has
been gaining interest due to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, as well as neuro …

Glioblastoma (GB) is a rare but extremely aggressive brain tumor that significantly impacts
patient outcomes, affecting both duration and quality of life. The protocol established by …

Mitochondria, known as the “energy factory” of cells, are essential organelles with a double
membrane structure and genetic material found in most eukaryotic cells. They play a crucial …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic method with high selectivity
of action. It has gained great popularity in recent years as a new therapy for the treatment of …