In patients with Parkinson's disease, heterogeneous cholinergic system changes can occur
in different brain regions. These changes correlate with a range of clinical features, both …

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has multiple biological functions which are
mediated by the activation of two receptors, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor …

Background Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized, in part, by an
excessive inflammatory response. Evidence from animal and human studies suggests that …

The gut microbiota plays crucial roles in maintaining the health and homeostasis of its host
throughout lifespan, including through its ability to impact brain function and regulate …

Neurophysiological evidence that transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS)
affects neuronal signalling at the cortical level is sparse. We used transcranial magnetic …

In several central nervous system diseases, it has been reported that inflammation may be
related to the etiologic process, therefore, therapeutic strategies are being implemented to …

Recent studies have found that transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) can
improve gait symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). 1-3 Noninvasive VNS can be performed …

Background Increasing evidence suggests that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD)
present with peripheral autonomic dysfunction (AutD) that even precedes motor deficits …

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, races across academia and industry have
been initiated to identify and develop disease modifying or preventative therapeutic …

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common and challenging clinical symptom in Parkinson's
disease. In this review, we summarise the recent insights into freezing of gait and highlight …