The lungs, a special site that is frequently challenged by tumors, pathogens and other
environmental insults, are populated by large numbers of innate immune cells. Among …

Influenza viruses have perplexed scientists for over a hundred years. Yearly vaccines limit
their spread, but they do not prevent all infections. Therapeutic treatments for those …

Objective To estimate associations between trivalent influenza vaccination and COVID-19
mortality as well as severe clinical outcomes among hospitalised patients. Design …

Probiotic bacteria are able to modulate general antiviral responsiveness, including barrier
functionality and innate and adaptive immune responses. The COVID-19 pandemic …

Inhalation of tobacco smoke has been linked to increased risk of viral infection, such as
influenza. Inhalation of electronic-cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosol has also recently been …

The benefit of influenza vaccines is difficult to estimate due to the complexity of accurately
assessing the burden of influenza. To improve the efficacy of influenza vaccines, vaccine …

Influenza viruses cause infectious respiratory disease characterized by fever, myalgia, and
congestion, ranging in severity from mild to life-threating. Although enormous efforts have …

Innate immunity is the first line of the host immune system to fight against infections. Natural
killer cells are the innate immunity lymphocytes responsible for fighting against virus …

Influenza A virus (IAV) causes respiratory tract disease and is responsible for seasonal and
reoccurring epidemics affecting all age groups. Next to typical disease symptoms, such as …

A dysregulated type 2 immune response is one of the fundamental causes of allergic
asthma. Although Th2 cells are undoubtedly central to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma …