Calcium (Ca2+) functions as a second messenger that is critical in regulating fundamental
physiological functions such as cell growth/development, cell survival, neuronal …

The most well-characterized organelle contact sites are those between the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Increased understanding is being gained of how ER …

To live or to die? This crucial question eloquently reflects the dual role of Ca2+ in living
organisms–survival factor or ruthless killer. It has long been known that Ca2+ signals govern …

Disturbances in the normal functions of the ER lead to an evolutionarily conserved cell
stress response, the unfolded protein response, which is aimed initially at compensating for …

There is a growing consensus that the various forms of cell death (necrosis, apoptosis and
autophagy) are not separated by strict boundaries, but rather share molecular effectors and …

The inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors (InsP3Rs) are a family of Ca2+ release
channels localized predominately in the endoplasmic reticulum of all cell types. They …

Nuclear DNA damage and ligation of plasma-membrane death receptors have long been
recognized as initial triggers of apoptosis that induce mitochondrial membrane …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress–induced apoptosis is involved in many diseases, but the
mechanisms linking ER stress to apoptosis are incompletely understood. Based on roles for …

Most tumor cells undergo apoptosis in circulation and at the metastatic organ sites due to
host immune surveillance and a hostile microenvironment. It remains to be elucidated …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large, continuous membrane-bound organelle
comprised of functionally and structurally distinct domains including the nuclear envelope …