Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are RNA sensor molecules that
play essential roles in innate antiviral immunity. Among the three RLRs encoded by the …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) survey intra-and extracellular spaces for pathogen-
associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) within microbial products of infection. Recognition …

Type I interferons (IFNs) have diverse effects on innate and adaptive immune cells during
infection with viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi, directly and/or indirectly through the …

The control over iron availability is crucial under homeostatic conditions and even more in
the case of an infection. This results from diverse properties of iron: first, iron is an important …

Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) have recently emerged as central orchestrators of
immunity to infection, inflammation, and neoplastic diseases. Within numerous host cell …

Recent evidence suggests that certain vaccines, including Bacillus-Calmette Guérin (BCG),
can induce changes in the innate immune system with non-specific memory characteristics …

Innate immune receptors have a key role in immune surveillance by sensing
microorganisms and initiating protective immune responses. However, the innate immune …

Cerebral malaria is among the major causes of malaria-associated mortality and effective
adjunctive therapeutic strategies are currently lacking. Central pathophysiological processes …

Abstract mRNA vaccines have tremendous potential to fight against cancer and viral
diseases due to superiorities in safety, efficacy and industrial production. In recent decades …

Malaria caused by the Plasmodium family of parasites, especially P. falciparum and P. vivax,
is a major health problem in many countries in the tropical and subtropical regions of the …