In response to changing environmental conditions, plants activate cellular responses to
enable them to adapt. One such response is autophagy, in which cellular components, for …

Protein S-nitrosation (SNO), a posttranslational modification (PTM) of cysteine (Cys)
residues elicited by nitric oxide (NO), regulates a wide range of protein functions. As a …

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered …

Modification of cysteine residues by oxidative and nitrosative stress affects structure and
function of proteins, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease …

Lysine crotonylation as a protein post-translational modification regulates diverse cellular
processes and functions. However, the role of crotonylation in nutrient signaling pathways …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease with limited therapeutic effects,
eventually developing into handicap. Seeking novel therapeutic strategies for MS is timely …

Insulin, which is released by pancreatic islet β-cells in response to elevated levels of
glucose in the blood, is a critical regulator of metabolism. Insulin triggers the uptake of …

Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous free radical that controls important physiological and
pathophysiological processes, including a role in cancer biology. NO can have a direct toxic …

Melatonin and several of its metabolites are interfering with reactive nitrogen. With the notion
of prevailing melatonin formation in tissues that exceeds by far the quantities in blood …

Metabolic plasticity, which determines tumour growth and metastasis, is now understood to
be a flexible and context-specific process in cancer metabolism. One of the major pathways …