Highlights•We assessed audience effects on collective defence and within-group interactions.•Groups increased their defensive efforts in the presence of neighbours.•The …
Aggression is a functional term that refers to behaviour in competitive interactions, such as repelling predators, accessing resources or pursuing other self-serving interests. However …
Emotions encompass cognitive and behavioural responses to reward and punishment. Using contests as a case-study, we propose that short-term emotions underpin animals' …