HIV prevalence is increasing worldwide because people on antiretroviral therapy are living
longer, although new infections decreased from 3· 3 million in 2002, to 2· 3 million in 2012 …

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a family of structurally diverse unconjugated
glycans that are highly abundant in and unique to human milk. Originally, HMOs were …

Maternal and child undernutrition is highly prevalent in low-income and middle-income
countries, resulting in substantial increases in mortality and overall disease burden. In this …

Background: No randomized trial has directly compared the efficacy of prolonged infant
antiretroviral prophylaxis versus maternal antiretroviral therapy (mART) for prevention of …

The findings of a number of observational or uncontrolled studies suggested that initiation of
an antiretroviral regimen during the antenatal period and continuation postpartum markedly …

Background Exclusive breastfeeding, though better than other forms of infant feeding and
associated with improved child survival, is uncommon. We assessed the HIV-1 transmission …

Objectives: The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) to reduce the postnatal
transmission (PNT) of HIV is based on limited data. In the context of a trial of postpartum …

There are limited data describing the functional characteristics of HIV-1 specific antibodies in
breast milk (BM) and their role in breastfeeding transmission. The ability of BM antibodies to …

Pregnancy induces unique changes in maternal immune responses and metabolism.
Drastic physiologic adaptations, in an intricately coordinated fashion, allow the maternal …

Methods The review considered both experimental and observational studies, and included
HIV‐positive mothers receiving ART and their breastfed children regardless of receipt of …