Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the arteries, is responsible for most
deaths in westernized societies with numbers increasing at a marked rate in developing …

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are involved in phenotypic switching in
atherosclerosis. This switching is characterized by VSMC dedifferentiation, migration, and …

The initiation of atherosclerosis results from complex interactions of circulating factors and
various cell types in the vessel wall, including endothelial cells, lymphocytes, monocytes …

When the'lipid nephrotoxicity hypothesis' was proposed in 1982, it brought together several
disparate experimental findings in hyperlipidemia and renal disease to suggest that …

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) promotes atherosclerosis by
increasing low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels through degradation of hepatic …

The prevailing theory in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the “two‐hit”
hypothesis. The first hit mainly consists of lipid accumulation, and the second is subsequent …

Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of low-density lipoprotein
receptor levels and LDL-cholesterol levels. Loss-of-function mutations in PCSK9 gene are …

For long time, the role of LDL and inflammation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis have
been studied independently from each other and only more recently a common platform has …

Atherosclerosis has been identified as a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial vessel
wall. Accumulating evidence indicates that different cells from the tunica intima, media …

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is a critical mediator of atherogenesis.
Macrophage uptake of ox-LDL and their subsequent development into foam cells is the …