Immune cell function and metabolism are closely linked. Many studies have now clearly
demonstrated that alterations in cellular metabolism influence immune cell function and that …

Obesity is an epidemic disease characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation associated
with a dysfunctional fat mass. Adipose tissue is now considered an extremely active …

In the last decades, autoimmune diseases have experienced a dramatic increase in Western
countries. The involvement of environmental factors is strongly suspected to explain this rise …

This review of literature attempts to identify the factors that are involved in the pathogenesis
of Hashimoto thyroiditis, an immune defect in an individual with genetic susceptibility …

Leptin is a regulatory hormone with multiple roles in the immune system. We favor the
concept that leptin signaling 'licenses' various immune cells to engage in immune responses …

The view of CD4 T‐cell‐mediated immunity as a balance between distinct lineages of Th1
and Th2 cells has changed dramatically. Identification of the IL‐17 family of cytokines and of …

Autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) broadly include Graves' disease and Hashimoto's
thyroiditis which are the most common causes of thyroid gland dysfunctions. These …

Immune responses are highly energy-dependent processes. Activated T cells increase
glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis to survive and function. Malnutrition and starvation …

Abstract Purpose of Review During the last decades, obesity and autoimmune disorders
have shown a parallel significant rise in industrialized countries. This review aims at …

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD) are two very common organ-specific
autoimmune diseases which are characterized by circulating antibodies and lymphocyte …