Glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification responsible for a multitude of
crucial biological roles. As obligate parasites, viruses exploit host-cell machinery to …

The influenza viruses are some of the most important human pathogens, causing substantial
seasonal and pandemic morbidity and mortality. In humans, infection of the lower respiratory …

Influenza virus has resurfaced recently from inactivity during the early stages of the COVID-
19 pandemic, raising serious concerns about the nature and magnitude of future epidemics …

Hemagglutinin (HA) is most abundant glycoprotein on the influenza virus surface. Influenza
HA promotes viral entry by engaging the receptor and mediating virus–host membrane …

Seasonal influenza A viruses (IAV) originate from pandemic IAV and have undergone
changes in antigenic structure, including addition of glycans to the hemagglutinin (HA) …

A new influenza virus, genus D, isolated in US pigs and cattle, has also been circulating in
cattle in France. It was first identified there in 2011, and an increase was detected in 2014 …

Influenza virus evolves rapidly to constantly escape from natural immunity. Most humoral
immune responses to influenza virus target the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein, which is …

BACKGROUND: Nearly all membrane and secreted proteins, as well as numerous
intracellular proteins are glycosylated. However, contrary to proteins which are defined by …

Macrophages are essential for protection against influenza A virus infection, but are also
implicated in the morbidity and mortality associated with severe influenza disease …

With the global spread of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza virus, there are
increasing worries about evolution through antigenic drift. One way previous seasonal H1N1 …