Concerns over climate change have necessitated a rethinking of our transportation
infrastructure. One possible alternative to carbon-polluting fossil fuels is biofuels produced …

Harnessing the process of natural selection to obtain and understand new microbial
phenotypes has become increasingly possible due to advances in culturing techniques …

A key aspect of bacterial survival is the ability to evolve while migrating across spatially
varying environmental challenges. Laboratory experiments, however, often study evolution …

Adaptive laboratory evolution is a frequent method in biological studies to gain insights into
the basic mechanisms of molecular evolution and adaptive changes that accumulate in …

Evolutionary changes in organismal traits may occur either gradually or suddenly. However,
until recently, there has been little direct information about how phenotypic changes are …

The airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are nearly always infected with many
different microorganisms. This environment offers warm, humid and nutrient-rich conditions …

Metabolic engineering is the enabling science of development of efficient cell factories for
the production of fuels, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food ingredients through microbial …

Genome‐modification technologies enable the rational engineering and perturbation of
biological systems. Historically, these methods have been limited to gene insertions or …

The recent exponential increase in the use of engineered nanoparticles (eNPs) means both
greater intentional and unintentional exposure of eNPs to microbes. Intentional use includes …

Although many mutations contributing to antibiotic resistance have been identified, the
relationship between the mutations and the related phenotypic changes responsible for the …