The activity of voltage-gated sodium channels has long been linked to disorders of neuronal
excitability such as epilepsy and chronic pain. Recent genetic studies have now expanded …

Capsaicin is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from chili pepper that is responsible for its
hot pungent taste. Capsaicin is known to exert multiple pharmacological actions, including …

Background Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been used under perioperative settings as an
adjuvant to enhance the analgesic property of local anesthetics by some anesthesiologists …

QX-314 (N-ethyl-lidocaine) is a cationic lidocaine derivative that blocks voltage-dependent
sodium channels when applied internally to axons or neuronal cell bodies. Coapplication of …

Background: The relatively membrane-impermeable lidocaine derivative QX-314 has been
reported to permeate the ion channels transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and …

Despite women representing most of those affected by major depression, preclinical studies
have focused almost exclusively on male subjects, partially due to a lack of ideal animal …

Background and Purpose Selective nociceptor fibre block is achieved by introducing the cell
membrane impermeant sodium channel blocker lidocaine N‐ethyl bromide (QX‐314) …

Robust sex difference among humans regarding psychiatry-and pain-related behaviors is
being researched; however, the use of female mice in preclinical research is relatively rare …

Increased expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels,
following nerve injury, may facilitate the entry of QX-314 into nociceptive neurons in order to …

Ion channels allow for rapid ion diffusion through the plasma membrane. In some conditions,
ion channels induce changes in the critical plasma membrane permeability that permit 900 …