Animal behavior is shaped by a variety of" internal states"—partially hidden variables that
profoundly shape perception, cognition, and action. The neural basis of internal states, such …

Inhibitory neurotransmission plays a key role in anxiety disorders, as evidenced by the
anxiolytic effect of the benzodiazepine class of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor …

INTRODUCTION A mechanistic understanding of brain function requires the identification of
distinct cell types in the brain at a molecular, spatial, and functional level. The preoptic …

Basolateral amygdala (BLA) principal cells are capable of driving and antagonizing
behaviors of opposing valence. BLA neurons project to the central amygdala (CeA), which …

Psilocybin-occasioned mystical experiences have been linked to persisting effects in healthy
volunteers including positive changes in behavior, attitudes, and values, and increases in …

Animals learn to avoid harmful situations by associating a neutral stimulus with a painful
one, resulting in a stable threat memory. In mammals, this form of learning requires the …

Chronic social isolation causes severe psychological effects in humans, but their neural
bases remain poorly understood. 2 weeks (but not 24 hr) of social isolation stress (SIS) …

The central amygdala (CeA) plays a central role in physiologic and behavioral responses to
fearful stimuli, stressful stimuli, and drug-related stimuli. The CeA receives dense inputs from …

Recent years have seen increased interest in psychopathologies related to trauma
exposure. Specifically, there has been a growing awareness to posttraumatic stress disorder …

Pathological fear and anxiety are highly debilitating and, despite considerable advances in
psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy they remain insufficiently treated in many patients with …