Modular construction offers faster and safer manufacturing, better predictability to completion
time, superior quality, less workers on site, less resource wastage, and a more …

This review organises and summarises the recent contributions related to the environmental
evaluation of building refurbishment and renovation using the lifecycle assessment (LCA) …

Growing urban populations and deteriorating infrastructure are driving unprecedented
demands for concrete, a material for which there is no alternative that can meet its functional …

This paper provides a review on three streams of life cycle studies that have been frequently
applied to evaluate the environmental impacts of building construction with a major focus on …

An overview of current status of the available literature on Life Cycle Energy, Life Cycle
Greenhouse gasses, and Conventional Life Cycle Assessment of commercial and …

The carbon emissions associated with the built environment represent the dominant fraction
of the total carbon footprint of society. As a result of the intense debate over how to address …

This review summarizes and organizes the literature on life cycle assessment (LCA), life
cycle energy analysis (LCEA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) studies carried out for …

Approximately half of the annual global energy supply is consumed in constructing,
operating, and maintaining buildings. Because most of this energy comes from fossil fuels, it …

Buildings consume a vast amount of energy during the life cycle stages of construction, use
and demolition. Total life cycle energy use in a building consists of two components …

The increasing global importance of climate change has been clearly recognised in the last
few years. The building industry contributed to a large proportion of the global energy use …