Elegant sensory structures in the inner ear have evolved to measure head motion. These
vestibular receptors consist of highly conserved semicircular canals and otolith organs …

Navigation first requires accurate perception of one's spatial orientation within the
environment, which consists of knowledge about location and directional heading. Cells …

In The Vestibular System: A Sixth Sense, leading experts present an integrative,
comprehensive and innovative look at the sense that Aristotle missed. The vestibular system …

The head direction (HD) cell signal is a representation of an animal's perceived directional
heading with respect to its environment. This signal appears to originate in the vestibular …

Head direction (HD) cells in the rodent limbic system are believed to correspond to a
cognitive representation of directional heading in the environment. Lesions of vestibular hair …

We provide a concise review of recent studies related to the development of neural circuits
supporting spatial navigation and memory in the rat. We chart the relative timeline of the …

Head direction (HD) cells in the rat anterodorsal thalamic nucleus (ADN) fire relative to the
animal's directional heading. Lesions of the entire vestibular labyrinth have been shown to …

Many mutant mouse strains display pathological behaviors, such as head tilts, head
bobbing, or circling and waltzing, strongly suggesting that their vestibular system is …

The primary aim of this study was to establish whether the decline of the memory of an
angular displacement, detected by the semicircular canals, is best characterized by an …

Rats learn to navigate to a specific location faster in a familiar environment (Keith and
Mcvety 1988). It has been proposed that place learning does not require specific reward …