Executive summary The multiple and overlapping crises faced by countries, regions, and the
world appear unprecedented in their magnitude and complexity. Protracted conflicts …

This paper shows that the gender of politicians affects the educational levels of individuals
who grow up in the districts where these politicians are elected. A unique dataset collected …

There has been a phenomenal global increase in the proportion of women in politics in the
last two decades, but there is no evidence of how this has influenced economic …

Why are some former colonies more democratic than others? The British Empire has been
singled out in the debates on colonialism for its benign influence on democracy. Much of this …

This research analyses the issue, unexplored to date, of the causal relationship between
women politicians and selective waste collection. Differing attitudes towards environmental …

This article explores the influence of Protestant missionaries on male–female educational
inequalities in colonial India. Causal mechanisms drawn from the sociology and economics …

Although Haiti's 2010 earthquake brought to light the inconceivable poverty existing in the
Western Hemisphere, Haiti's struggle for economic development long pre-dated that …

With the formulation of the first ever internationally agreed stand-alone goal on gender
equality, debates around women's empowerment are at a critical juncture. This IDS Bulletin …

Women's political representation has increased substantially over recent decades due to
concerted efforts, including quotas, to increase female legislative representation in electoral …

Policies and actions are likely to be influenced by the different attitudes to environmental
issues of male and female policy-makers. The present paper analyzes the relationship …