West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, native to Africa, Europe, and Western
Asia. In many respects, WNV is an outstanding example of a zoonotic pathogen that has …

Mycoplasma gallisepticum is one of the most important poultry pathogens that can also
infect wild birds, but knowledge of potential non-poultry hosts that could be reservoirs of M …

Heterogeneity in host populations and communities can have large effects on the
transmission and control of a pathogen. In extreme cases, a few individuals give rise to the …

West Nile virus (WNV) strains circulating during the first five years of WNV transmission in
New York were collected, partial nucleotide sequences were determined, and in vitro and in …

In spring 2002, an intensive avian serosurvey was initiated in Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and
Mexico. We collected> 1,600 specimens from resident and nonresident neotropical …

Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis and an
important cause of foodborne disease. Despite their public health significance, routine …

We report the development of epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
(ELISAs) for the rapid detection of serum antibodies to West Nile virus (WNV) in …

(WNV; genus Flavivirus; family Flaviviridae) has been perpetuating in North America since
1999 (1). However, its status as a self-perpetuating pathogen in South America remains …

Outbreaks of norovirus (NoV) gastroenteritis are often associated with the consumption of
contaminated bivalves such as oysters, clams, and mussels. Crassostrea virginica oysters …

To define the impact of mosquitoes and birds on intrahost WNV population dynamics, the
mutant spectra that arose as a result of 20 serial in vivo passages in Culex pipiens and …