Reconfigurable optical metasurfaces are rapidly emerging as a major frontier in photonics
research, development and commercialization. They promise compact, lightweight and …

BACKGROUND Metasurfaces have opened up a number of remarkable new approaches to
manipulate light. These flat optical elements are constructed from a dense array of strongly …

Metasurfaces, a two-dimensional (2D) form of metamaterials constituted by planar meta-
atoms, exhibit exotic abilities to tailor electromagnetic (EM) waves freely. Over the past …

Plasmonic nanostructures hold promise for the realization of ultra-thin sub-wavelength
devices, reducing power operating thresholds and enabling nonlinear optical functionality in …

All-optical switches have attracted attention because they can potentially overcome the
speed limitation of electric switches. However, ultrafast, energy-efficient all-optical switches …

Compared with conventional optical elements, 2D photonic metasurfaces, consisting of
arrays of antennas with subwavelength thickness (the 'meta-atoms'), enable the …

The size and operating energy of a nonlinear optical device are fundamentally constrained
by the weakness of the nonlinear optical response of common materials. Here, we report …

Strong nonlinear light–matter interaction is highly sought-after for a variety of applications
including lasing and all-optical light modulation. Recently, resonant plasmonic structures …

Optical metasurfaces are regular quasi-planar nanopatterns that can apply diverse spatial
and spectral transformations to light waves. However, metasurfaces are no longer …

When light interacts with metal nanostructures, it can couple to free-electron excitations near
the metal surface. The electromagnetic resonances associated with these surface plasmons …