Understanding the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) has been a great challenge. Reductionist approaches to understand …

The Adhesion family forms a large branch of the pharmacologically important superfamily of
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs). As Adhesion GPCRs increasingly receive attention …

WNT ligands induce Ca2+ signalling on target cells. PKD1 (polycystin 1) is considered an
orphan, atypical G-protein-coupled receptor complexed with TRPP2 (polycystin 2 or PKD2) …

Wnt signal cascade is an evolutionarily conserved, developmental pathway that regulates
embryogenesis, injury repair, and pathogenesis of human diseases. It is well established …

Planar cell polarity (PCP), the orientation and alignment of cells within a sheet, is a
ubiquitous cellular property that is commonly governed by the conserved set of proteins …

Helicobacter pylori strains that deliver the oncoprotein CagA into gastric epithelial cells are
the major etiologic agents of upper gastric diseases including gastric cancer. CagA …

A variety of human birth defects originate in failure of closure of the embryonic neural tube.
The genetic cause of the most common nonsyndromic defects, spina bifida (SB) or …

The Scribble, Par and Crumbs modules were originally identified in the vinegar (fruit) fly,
Drosophila melanogaster, as being critical regulators of apico–basal cell polarity. In the …

The leading cause of end-stage renal disease in children is attributed to congenital
anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Familial clustering and mouse models …

Planar cell polarity (PCP) organizes the orientation of cellular protrusions and migratory
activity within the tissue plane. PCP establishment involves the subcellular polarization of …