It is generally thought that many drug molecules are transported across biological
membranes via passive diffusion at a rate related to their lipophilicity. However, the types of …

The article discusses advances in osmoregulation and excretion with emphasis on how
multicellular animals in different osmotic environments regulate their milieu intérieur …

Nitrogen metabolism in fishes has been a focus of comparative physiologists for nearly a
century. In this Review, we focus specifically on early life stages of fishes, which have …

Urea transport proteins were initially proposed to exist in the kidney in the late 1980s when
studies of urea permeability revealed values in excess of those predicted by simple lipid …

The gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta, is a marine teleost fish with an aglomerular kidney that is
highly specialized to conserve water. Despite this adaptation, toadfish have the ability to …

Silver is taken up as a Na+ analog (Ag+) by freshwater organisms, but little is known about
its bioavailability in relation to salinity. Adult Opsanus beta were acclimated to 2.5, 5, 10, 20 …

This review summarizes what is currently known about urea transporters in fishes in the
context of their physiology and evolution within the vertebrates. The existence of urea …

Measurable quantities of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine, have
been found in surface waters and more recently in the tissues of fish. This highly prescribed …

It is well established that serotonin (5-HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine) plays a role in mammalian
regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis via the 5-HT receptor subtype …

Opsanus beta expresses a full complement of ornithine–urea cycle (OUC) enzymes and is
facultatively ureotelic, reducing ammonia-N excretion and maintaining urea-N excretion …