Almost 60 years have passed since the initial discovery by Hubel and Wiesel that changes
in neuronal activity can elicit developmental rewiring of the central nervous system (CNS) …

Infantile amnesia, the inability of adults to recollect early episodic memories, is associated
with the rapid forgetting that occurs in childhood. It has been suggested that infantile …

In long-term depression (LTD) at synapses in the adult brain, synaptic strength is reduced in
an experience-dependent manner. LTD thus provides a cellular mechanism for information …

Neurons remodel the structure and strength of their synapses during critical periods of
development in order to optimize both perception and cognition. Many of these …

Highlights•Neuromodulators facilitate LTP induction in vivo.•An LTD trace can be converted
to LTP by neuromodulation.•There is an established role for LTD in development.•The …

As the largest family of membrane proteins in the human genome, G protein-coupled
receptors (GPCRs) constitute the targets of more than one-third of all modern medicinal …

Abstract Topoisomerase 3β (Top3β) is the only dual-activity topoisomerase in animals that
can change topology for both DNA and RNA, and facilitate transcription on DNA and …

The molecular basis for the decline in experience-dependent neural plasticity over age
remains poorly understood. In visual cortex, the robust plasticity induced in juvenile mice by …

During brain development, neural circuits undergo major activity-dependent restructuring.
Circuit wiring mainly occurs through synaptic strengthening following the Hebbian “fire …

Recent studies have shown that ocular dominance plasticity in layer 2/3 of the visual cortex
exhibits a form of homeostatic plasticity that is related to synaptic scaling and depends on …