Unfired and fired bricks were widely used as building materials in Antiquity across many
geographically and temporally distant cultures. Studies on archaeological bricks have long …

Soil is a dynamic matrix which can rapidly respond to disturbance events, such as the death
and the deposition of an organism. Moreover, soil can be considered an archive of data due …

In this study, brick samples were collected from a heritage architecture, Ming Dynasty Wall of
Pianguan County. The heritage wall presented macro-and micro-cracks, weathering …

The compositional study of two main types of clayey materials outcropping nearby Padua
(Veneto region, north-eastern Italy) and bricks used in historical constructions of the city is …

Tidal exchange, capillary rise, water condensation-evaporation cycles, and crystallization of
salts are the main causes of damage in historic brick buildings in Venice. The present study …

Archaeological pottery shows various forms of deterioration and degradation. This research
aims to determine the chemical composition and diagnose the damage manifestations of …

The impact of human-induced fires on the surrounding environment has been particularly
significant during the Anthropocene epoch. Neolithic burnt clay, which is widely distributed …

The earliest foundry site of Pre-Roman Padua, in the Veneto region (north-eastern Italy),
provided evidence of craft activities and residential areas dated between the end of the 9th …

This paper studies the fired bricks and plaster from the Church of Sant Rafael (Barcelona) in
a multi-analytical approach based on mineralogical, chemical and physical characterization …

Abstract The Imperial Roman Baths in Sagalassos, Turkey, were built in the 2nd century CE
and have been excavated since the 1990s. The harsh environmental conditions, especially …