Background Despite the scale-up of ART and the rollout in Tanzania of dolutegravir, an
integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), treatment success has not been fully realized. HIV …

The emergence of resistance to antiretroviral drugs is the main problem in their long-term
efficacy and by considering the wide use of protease inhibitors (PIs), monitoring drug …

Resistance to antiretroviral agents is a significant concern in the clinical management of HIV-
infected individuals, particularly in areas of the world where treatment options are limited. In …

We reviewed the medical charts of 1,700 patients diagnosed with HIV who referred to a
central HIV clinic in Tehran between 2004 and 2017. Participants who had a viral load of> …

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate drug resistance patterns among Iranian people
living with HIV who have taken antiretroviral therapy for 9–15 months. Methods: A cross …

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is an infectious viral agent
that gradually extinguishes the immune system, resulting in acquired immune deficiency …

Background: Drug resistance is emerging as one of the greatest challenges in the
development of effective treatment for HIV infection. The importance of clinical studies in this …

Background: Determination of the drug-resistant mutations has a crucial role in the
management of HIV-1 infected patients. Objective: The aim of the current study was to …

Abstract Background: Four Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors (INSTIs) have been
approved for HIV-1 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Recently, resistance against …

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is a problem of global health. After the
development of anti-retroviral therapy, the mortality and morbidity rate was reduced in whom …