Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex and dynamic process
regulated by various pro-and anti-angiogenic molecules, which plays a crucial role in tumor …

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of urogenital cancer. It has a mortality
rate of 30-40% and is more commonly seen in men than women. In addition to gender, other …

The NCCN Guidelines for Kidney Cancer focus on the screening, diagnosis, staging,
treatment, and management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients with relapsed or stage …

Background The efficacy and safety of treatment with cabozantinib in combination with
nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with previously untreated advanced renal-cell …

The molecular features that define clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) initiation and
progression are being increasingly defined. The TRACERx Renal studies and others that …

Insights into the role of the tumor suppressor pVHL in oxygen sensing motivated the testing
of drugs that target the transcription factor HIF or HIF-responsive growth factors, such as …

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the standard of care for first-line treatment of
patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, yet optimised treatment of patients whose …

Background Cabozantinib inhibits tyrosine kinases, including vascular endothelial growth
factor receptors 1, 2, and 3, MET, and AXL, which are implicated in the progression of …

Highlights•This special article provides key recommendations on the immunotherapy
treatments of renal cell carcinoma.•Recommendations are based on available scientific data …

Angiogenesis is a double-edged sword; it is a mechanism that defines the boundary
between health and disease. In spite of its central role in physiological homeostasis, it …