The ability to use information about the uncertainty of future outcomes is critical for adaptive
behavior in an uncertain world. We show that the basal forebrain (BF) contains at least two …

Previous cognitive training research with the change-detection paradigm found only sparse
effects that went beyond improvements in the training task but stressed an increase in fidelity …

The primate superior colliculus (SC) is a midbrain structure that participates in the control of
spatial attention. Previous studies examining the role of the SC in attention have mostly used …

In many studies of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), stimulus encoding and
processing (perceptual function) and response selection (executive function) have been …

Attending to a location in the visual field facilitates processing of objects in that location, and
numerous studies have revealed processing benefits by precuing target locations. Recent …

Despite significant advances in both understanding and technology, complications of
surgical care have become a major cause of death and disability worldwide. A substan-tial …

Covert attention allows us to prioritize relevant objects from the visual environment without
directing our gaze towards them. Attention affects the quality of perceptual representations …