Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that play an essential role in the remodeling of the
bone. Defects in osteoclasts thus result in unbalanced bone remodeling, leading to …

The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein
kinase that integrates inputs from nutrients and growth factors to control many fundamental …

Periostin is a secretory protein with a multi-domain structure, comprising an amino-terminal
cysteine-rich EMI domain, four internal FAS 1 domains, and a carboxyl-terminal hydrophilic …

The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a
central role in cell survival and function. STAT3 has been demonstrated to participate in the …

Amino acid metabolism regulates essential cellular functions, not only by fueling protein
synthesis, but also by supporting the biogenesis of nucleotides, redox factors and lipids …

During the aging process, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exhibit declined
osteogenesis accompanied by excess adipogenesis, which will lead to osteoporosis. Here …

Alcoholic beverages are widely consumed, resulting in a staggering economic cost in
different social and cultural settings. Types of alcohol consumption vary from light occasional …

Cancer, a common malignant disease, is one of the predominant causes of diseases that
lead to death. Additionally, cancer is often detected in advanced stages and cannot be …

Osteoporosis, characterized by the destruction of bone resorption and bone formation, is a
serious disease that endangers human health. Osteoporosis prevention and treatment has …

Osteopontin (OPN) has been proved to be closely related to the pathogenesis of
osteoarthritis (OA), but the role of OPN in the pathogenesis of OA has not been fully clarified …