Subglacial lakes are repositories of ancient climate conditions, provide habitats for life and
modulate ice flow, basal hydrology, biogeochemical fluxes and geomorphic activity. In this …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Abstract Purpose of the Review This review discusses the role that meltwater plays within
the Greenland ice sheet system. The ice sheet's hydrology is important because it affects …

Polar temperatures over the last several million years have, at times, been slightly warmer
than today, yet global mean sea level has been 6–9 metres higher as recently as the Last …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) has increased over the last two decades in
response to changes in global climate, motivating the scientific community to question how …

In the past two decades, the data volume of remote sensing imagery in the polar regions has
increased dramatically. The calving fronts of many Greenland glaciers have been …

Ice shelf basal melting is the primary mechanism driving mass loss from the Antarctic Ice
Sheet, yet it is unknown how the localized melt enhancement from subglacial discharge will …

Submarine melt can account for substantial mass loss at tidewater glacier termini. However,
the processes controlling submarine melt are poorly understood due to limited observations …

Submarine melting has been implicated as a driver of glacier retreat and sea level rise, but
to date melting has been difficult to observe and quantify. As a result, melt rates have been …