Antibodies are essential molecules for diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by
pathogens and their toxins. Antibodies were integrated in our medical repertoire against …

This review article concerns the production of recombinant antibody fragments for
applications mainly in the diagnostic sector. The so-called “point of care diagnostics” is very …

The common food allergy crustacean tropomyosin (TM) poses a significant food safety
challenge, which requires rapid and sensitive methods for screening TM in food. Herein, the …

The search for innovative anti-cancer drugs remains a challenge. Over the past three
decades, antibodies have emerged as an essential asset in successful cancer therapy. The …

Shark is a cartilaginous fish that produces new antigen receptor (IgNAR) antibodies. This
antibody is identified with a similar human heavy chain but dissimilar sequences. The …

Conventional monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been widely used in research and
diagnostic applications due to their high affinity and specificity. However, multiple limitations …

The antigen binding variable domain (VNAR) of the shark immunoglobulin new antigen
receptor (IgNAR) evolved approximately 500 million years ago and it is one of the smallest …

Immunotherapies based on antibody fragments have been developed and applied to human
diseases, describing novel antibody formats. The vNAR domains have a potential …

The VNAR (Variable New Antigen Receptor) is the smallest single-domain antibody derived
from the variable domain of IgNAR of cartilaginous fishes. Despite its biomedical and …

Phage display antibody libraries have proven an invaluable resource for the isolation of
diagnostic and potentially therapeutic antibodies, the latter usually being antibody fragments …