Ankle osteoarthritis affects 1% of the population and, unlike gonarthrosis or coxarthrosis, is
secondary to previous trauma in more than 75% of cases. Another peculiarity of this disease …

A trimalleolar ankle fracture is considered unstable and treatment is generally performed
operatively. Computed tomography is important for the operative planning by providing an …

Introduction The presence of a posterior malleolar (PM) fragment has a negative prognostic
impact in ankle fractures. The best treatment is still subject to debate. The aim of this study …

Aims The primary aim of this study was to address the hypothesis that fracture morphology
might be more important than posterior malleolar fragment size in rotational type posterior …

Background: In the past, posterior malleolus fragments (PMFs) commonly have been
indirectly reduced and fixed when fragments involve 25% or more of the tibial articular …

Introduction The posterior malleolus (PM) is affected in around the 40% of ankle fractures.
Anatomical reduction of the articular surface and fibular notch are essential for ankle stability …

Since Coppers in 1822 first described trimalleolar fractures, many articles have been
published. 1–3 Anatomic reduction in complex ankle fractures is a demanding challenge …

Introduction This study investigated the effects of a small posterior malleolar fragment (PMF),
containing less than 25% articular surface area, on ankle joint stability via computed …

Ankle fracture is one of the most common fractures presenting in the emergency department.
The fracture varies from unimalleolar, bimalleolar or trimalleolar. Involvement of the posterior …

Posterior malleolus fractures are frequent injuries, present in 7–44% of all ankle fractures.
The objective of this study is to review the evidence to indicate the fixation of this fracture …