Cationic and ionizable cationic lipids are broadly applied as auxiliary agents, but their use is
associated with adverse effects. If these excipients are rapidly degraded to endogenously …

Oral administration is a convenient administration route for gastrointestinal disease therapy
with good patient compliance. But the nonspecific distribution of the oral drugs may cause …

Oral delivery of proteins has opened a new perspective for the treatment of different
diseases. However, advances of oral protein formulation are usually hindered by protein …

The formation of a biomolecular corona on exogenous particles in plasma is well studied
and is known to dictate the biodistribution and cellular interactions of nanomedicine …

Nonendocytic cell uptake of nanomaterials is challenging, which requires specific surface
chemistry and smaller particle size. Earlier works have shown that an arginine-terminated …

Background Oral administration offered a painless way and improved compliance for
diabetics. However, the emerging GLP-1 analog peptide drugs for diabetes primarily rely on …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins
due to a deficiency of insulin secretion or failure to respond to insulin secreted from …

Oral vaccines are a safe and convenient alternative to injected vaccines and have great
potential to prevent major infectious diseases. However, the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) …

Insulin, a pivotal anabolic hormone, regulates glucose homeostasis by facilitating the
conversion of blood glucose to energy or storage. Dysfunction in insulin activity, often …

Although biopharmaceuticals constitute around 10% of the drug landscape, eight of the ten
top-selling products were biopharmaceuticals in 2023. This study did a comprehensive …