The use of structural equation modeling (SEM) has grown substantially over the past 40
years within organizational research and beyond. There have been many different …

Reciprocal feedback processes between experience and development are central to
contemporary developmental theory. Autoregressive cross‐lagged panel (ARCL) models …

The random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) is rapidly gaining popularity in
psychology and related fields as a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach to …

Does X affect Y? Answering this question is particularly difficult if reverse causality is
looming. Many social scientists turn to panel data to address such questions of causal …

Inferring reciprocal effects or causality between variables is a central aim of behavioral and
psychological research. To address reciprocal effects, a variety of longitudinal models that …

This is the first paper in a series of two that synthesizes, compares, and extends methods for
causal inference with longitudinal panel data in a structural equation modeling (SEM) …

This article compares different approaches for estimating cross-lagged effects with a cross-
lagged panel design under a causal inference perspective. We distinguish between models …

In many disciplines researchers use longitudinal panel data to investigate the potentially
causal relationship between 2 variables. However, the conventions and concerns vary …

Although experiments are the gold standard for establishing causality, several threats can
undermine the internal validity of experimental findings. In this article, we first discuss these …

Making causal inferences regarding human behaviour is difficult given the complex interplay
between countless contributors to behaviour, including factors in the external world and our …