Signalling through the ERBB/HER receptors is intricately involved in human cancer and
already serves as a target for several cancer drugs. Because of its inherent complexity, it is …

Once engaged by soluble or matrix-anchored ligands, cell surface proteins are commonly
sorted to lysosomal degradation through several endocytic pathways. Defective vesicular …

This review article describes the pathways and mechanisms of endocytosis and post-
endocytic sorting of the EGF receptor (EGFR/ErbB1) and other members of the ErbB family …

Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are secreted molecules which function through the activation
of specific tyrosine kinases receptors, the FGF receptors that transduce the signal by …

Numerous cellular proteins are post-translationally modified by the addition of the small
modifier protein ubiquitin (Ub). The functional consequences of the type of ubiquitination …

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) control a wide variety of processes in multicellular
organisms, including proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival. Their activity is …

Sprouty proteins are evolutionarily conserved inducible inhibitors of signalling by receptor
tyrosine kinases. They have been implicated in negative-feedback interactions that impart …

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) coordinate a broad spectrum of cellular responses to
extracellular stimuli and cell–cell interactions during development, tissue homeostasis, and …

Growth factors and their transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases play pivotal roles in
morphogenesis, cell fate determination and pathogenesis, including multiple stages of …

Intercellular signaling molecules and their receptors, whose expression must be tightly
regulated in time and space, coordinate organogenesis. Regulators of intracellular signaling …