The existence of∼ 109M⊙ supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within the first billion years
of the Universe has stimulated numerous ideas for the prompt formation and rapid growth of …

Despite much recent theoretical and observational progress in our knowledge of the early
universe, many fundamental questions remain only partially answered. Here, we review the …

This paper describes the open-source code Enzo, which uses block-structured adaptive
mesh refinement to provide high spatial and temporal resolution for modeling astrophysical …

LOFAR, the LOw-Frequency ARray, is a new-generation radio interferometer constructed in
the north of the Netherlands and across europe. Utilizing a novel phased-array design …

We present a new implementation of radiation hydrodynamics (RHD) in the adaptive mesh
refinement (AMR) code ramses. The multigroup radiative transfer (RT) is performed on the …

We present the first large-scale radiative transfer simulations of cosmic reionization, in a
simulation volume of (100 h− 1 Mpc) 3. This is more than a two orders of magnitude …

We derive constraints on the thermal and ionization states of the intergalactic medium (IGM)
at redshift≈ 9.1 using new upper limits on the 21-cm power spectrum measured by the …

The Universe's dark ages end with the formation of the first generation of galaxies. These
objects start emitting ultraviolet radiation that carves out ionized regions around them. After a …

Numerous cosmological hydrodynamic studies have addressed the formation of galaxies.
Here we choose to study the first stages of galaxy formation, including nonequilibrium …

We present results from a large volume simulation of hydrogen reionization. We combine 3D
radiative transfer calculations and an N-body simulation, describing structure formation in …