Noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) for photo‐and chemical crosslinking are powerful
biochemical tools for studying and manipulating interactions between proteins both in vitro …

Ligand-dependent changes in protein conformation are foundational to biology. Historical
mechanistic models for substrate-specific proteins are induced fit (IF) and conformational …

G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) is poorly characterized but nevertheless has been
revealed to have diverse roles in areas including lower gut inflammation and pain. The …

Understanding the molecular basis of arrestin-mediated regulation of GPCRs is critical for
deciphering signaling mechanisms and designing functional selectivity. However, structural …

Methods rooted in chemical biology have contributed significantly to studies of integral
membrane proteins. One recent key approach has been the application of genetic code …

Glucose metabolism is primarily controlled by pancreatic hormones, with the coordinated
assistance of the hormones from gastrointestine and adipose tissue. Studies have unfolded …

Introduction Lactose intolerance is a widespread problem that affects people of many
different races all over the world. The following pharmacological supplements can improve …

Many peptide-activated rhodopsin-like GPCRs share a β-hairpin folding motif in the
extracellular loop 2 (ECL2), which interacts with the peptide ligand while at the same time …

Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) has been made an attractive anticancer target
due to its overexpression in cancers. However, targeting it has often produced the …

Abstract Conventionally, myo-D-inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP 3) is thought to exert its
second messenger effects through the gating of IP 3 R Ca 2+ release channels, located in …