Bacteria influence eukaryotic biology as parasitic, commensal or beneficial symbionts. Aside
from these organismal interactions, bacteria have also been important sources of new …

ABSTRACT DNA barcoding is currently a widely used and effective tool that enables rapid
and accurate identification of plant species; however, none of the available loci work across …

Background DNA methylation is an important feature of plant epigenomes, involved in the
formation of heterochromatin and affecting gene expression. Extensive variation of DNA …

Fusion proteins derived from transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) have emerged as
genome editing tools for mitochondria. TALE nucleases (TALENs) have been applied to …

DNA transfer from cytoplasmic organelles to the cell nucleus is a legacy of the
endosymbiotic event—the majority of nuclear-mitochondrial segments (NUMTs) are thought …

The natural transfer of DNA from mitochondria to the nucleus generates nuclear copies of
mitochondrial DNA (numts) and is an ongoing evolutionary process, as genome sequences …

Chloroplast DNA sequence data are a versatile tool for plant identification or barcoding and
establishing genetic relationships among plant species. Different chloroplast loci have been …

Plant DNA methylation is its own language, interpreted by the cell to maintain silencing of
transposons, facilitate chromatin structure, and to ensure proper expression of some genes …

Plant cells possess two more genomes besides the central nuclear genome: the
mitochondrial genome and the chloroplast genome (or plastome). Compared to the gigantic …

The establishment of the photosynthetic organelle (plastid) in eukaryotes and the
diversification of algae and plants were landmark evolutionary events because these taxa …