BACKGROUND Facial aging involves multilevel changes, extending from the skin to deep
support structures. A comprehensive treatment approach targeting the many aspects of …

Introduction Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) is an effective non-surgical method for treating
gummy smile (GS). This systematic review evaluated the efficacy, duration, and safety of …

Botulinum toxin (Botox) is a neurotoxin drug that is used in a wide range of cosmetic and
treatment applications. This literature review provides an overview of the toxin mechanism …

Dr. Uzma Rajar stands as a luminary in the realm of dermatology, adorned with a tapestry of
accomplishments that stretch far and wide. With a spirited journey that commenced at …

Finishing and detailing is typically undertaken towards the end of orthodontic treatment. It
should, however, be considered at the start of treatment and then evaluated at the end of …

As botulinum toxin is increasingly used cosmetically and medically, it is important to
understand the differences between each formulation of this product. While the active …

The harmonious smile is characterized by a balanced facial expression, where the teeth, lips
and gums are in proper proportion, creating a natural and pleasing appearance. In contrast …

Aim of the study The aim of this study was to compare the results of the treatment of the
gingival smile by two techniques, Botox injection (in the first group of patients) and laser …

Botulinum toxin (Botox) is a neurotoxin drug that is used in a wide range of cosmetic and
treatment applications. is literature review provides an overview of the toxin mechanism …

Abstract Background and Aim: The increasing demand for aesthetic enhancements has led
to the widespread use of Botox for various facial concerns, including gummy smiles. While …