Micro-/nanorobots (MNRs) can be autonomously propelled on demand in complex
biological environments and thus may bring revolutionary changes to biomedicines …

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection. The core
mechanism underlying sepsis is immune dysfunction, with macrophages, as important cells …

Autophagy (macroautophagy) is a highly conserved intracellular and lysosome-dependent
degradation process in which autophagic substrates are enclosed and degraded by a …

Highlights•This review is focusing on polarization of macrophages by epigenetic
modifications.•M1/M2 macrophages are flawlessly synchronized, specialized, and perform …

Programmed cell death (PCD) is crucial for cell renewal, embryogenesis, the immune
response, tissue growth regulation, and other essential biological processes. Recent …

Despite representing a very important class of virulence proteins, the role of lipoproteins in
the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains elusive. In this study, we …

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that eliminates harmful
components through lysosomal degradation. In addition to its role in maintaining cellular …

Macrophages are on the front line of host defense. They possess an array of germline‐
encoded pattern recognition receptors/sensors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen‐associated …

Intestinal homeostasis is maintained through the interplay of the intestinal mucosa, local and
systemic immune factors, and the microbial content of the gut. The cellular processes of …

Listeria monocytogenes grows in the host cytosol and uses the surface protein ActA to
promote actin polymerisation and mediate actin‐based motility. ActA, along with two …