EU law and governance have faced a new development–the proliferation of EU enforcement
authorities, which have grown in number over the last 15 years. These entities, either acting …

This timely book explores pertinent questions around the legitimacy and effectiveness of EU
agencies' soft law, with a particular focus on the European Securities and Markets Authority …

The existence of a structured enforcement system is an inherent feature of national legal
orders and one of the core elements of State sovereignty. The very limited power to issue …

A growing consensus has emerged in the post-crisis financial regulatory agenda that the
European architecture of financial supervision and regulation is far from ideal. Rather than …

The shift of direct enforcement power from the national to the European Union (EU) level
('verticalization') and accountability in this new system of shared enforcement have been the …

This timely book provides a detailed analysis of the regulatory landscape of energy
derivatives trading in the EU. Liebrich Hiemstra argues that current supervision of the sector …

Since the disclosure in 2009 of the Larosière Report, legislative acts disciplining financial
markets have established a set of rules called to form the foundations of a sanctioning …

The Chapter deals with the use of sanctioning powers in the context of EU data protection
law and reflects on the thorny relationship between different typologies of sanctions (criminal …

This chapter provides the background information necessary to better understand the main
issue, which is: Why and how does the way in which the EU organizes its supervision of …

Conclusions Several conclusions come forward in this research: Firstly, it is vital that market
participants are able to trust supervisory authorities in treating their disclosed information as …