Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from
aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated …

Glutathione (GSH) is the main non-protein thiol in cells whose functions are dependent on
the redox-active thiol of its cysteine moiety that serves as a cofactor for a number of …

The mitochondrion is at the core of cellular energy metabolism, being the site of most ATP
generation. Calcium is a key regulator of mitochondrial function and acts at several levels …

Abstract The Free Radical Theory of Ageing, was first proposed by Denham Harman in the
mid-1950's, based largely on work conducted by Rebeca Gerschman and Daniel Gilbert. At …

Reactive oxygen species are required for cell proliferation but can also induce apoptosis. In
proliferating cells this paradox is solved by the activation of protein kinase B (PKB; also …

Copper is an essential trace element, the imbalances of which are associated with various
pathological conditions, including cancer, albeit via largely undefined molecular and cellular …

Mutations in the gene superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) are causative for familial forms of the
neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. When the first SOD1 mutations …

The early observations on the rate-of-living theory by Max Rubner and the report by
Gershman that oxygen free radicals exist in vivo culminated in the seminal proposal in the …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in many normal and abnormal processes in
humans, including atheroma, asthma, joint diseases, aging, and cancer. The superoxide …

Mice deficient in CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) showed no overt abnormalities
during development and early adulthood, but had a reduced lifespan and increased …