Neuropsychiatric abnormalities may be broadly divided in two categories: disorders of
mood, affect, and behavior and abnormalities affecting cognition. Among these conditions …

Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), especially when assessed by
neuropsychological tests that emphasize mental processing speed, episodic memory, and …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive disease of the central nervous system that is
characterised by inflammatory damage to the myelin sheath. Though often neglected …

Prevalence estimates of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) range from 40% to
65%, depending on the research setting. Cognitive dysfunction virtually encompasses all the …

Why do men and women think differently? Why do they behave differently in stressed
situations? Why do women act more emotionally as compared to men? Why do men and …

To date, scientific research has often focused on one sex, with assumptions that study of the
other sex would yield similar results. However, many diseases affect males and females …

Background Women are more susceptible to multiple sclerosis (MS) than men by a ratio of
approximately 3: 1. However, being male is a risk factor for worse disability progression …

Menopause is associated with cognitive deficits and brain atrophy, but the brain region and
cell-specific mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we identify a sex hormone by age …

Stronger adaptive immune responses in females can be observed in different mammals,
resulting in better control of infections compared to males. However, this presumably …

Sex differences in the incidence or severity of disease characterize many autoimmune and
neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple sclerosis is a complex disease with both autoimmune …