The placenta is essential for normal in utero development in mammals. In humans, defective
placental formation underpins common pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia and …

X chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting are classic epigenetic processes that
cause disease when not appropriately regulated in mammals. Whereas X chromosome …

Trophoblast organoids derived from placental villi provide a 3D model system of human
placental development, but access to first-trimester tissues is limited. Here, we report that …

Placentas can exhibit chromosomal aberrations that are absent from the fetus. The basis of
this genetic segregation, which is known as confined placental mosaicism, remains …

Mouse studies have been instrumental in forming our current understanding of early cell-
lineage decisions; however, similar insights into the early human development are severely …

X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female mammals allows dosage compensation for X-
linked gene products between the sexes. The developmental regulation of this process has …

Genes on the mammalian X chromosome are present in one copy in males and two copies
in females. The complex mechanisms that regulate the X chromosome lead to evolutionary …

Fetal development could be considered a sensitive period wherein exogenous insults and
changes to the maternal milieu can have long-term impacts on developmental programming …

The differences between males and females begin shortly after birth, continue throughout
prenatal development, and eventually extend into childhood and adult life. Male embryos …

Background Development of the placenta during the late first trimester is critical to ensure
normal growth and development of the fetus. Developmental differences in this window such …