Background Until recently, the evolution of the genus Homo has been interpreted in the
context of the onset of African aridity and the expansion of open grasslands. Homo erectus …

A general problem in biology is how to incorporate information about evolutionary history
and adaptation into taxonomy. The problem is exemplified in attempts to define our own …

Understanding the complexities of cranial base development, function, and architecture is
important for testing hypotheses about many aspects of craniofacial variation and evolution …

THE upright posture and obligatory bipedalism of modern humans are unique among living
primates. The evolutionary history of this behaviour has traditionally been pursued by …

Specimens of Australopithecus boisei have been found in 2.5-Myr-old sediments west of
Lake Turkana, Kenya. The primitive morphology of these early A. boisei suggests that robust …

We report here on the results of a new cladistic analysis of early hominid relationships.
Ingroup taxa includedAustralopithecus afarensisAustralopithecus africanusAustralopithecus …

The book is the most in-depth account of the fossil skull anatomy and evolutionary
significance of the 3.6-3.0 million year old early human species Australopithecus afarensis …

Evidence for ancient hominin occupation in Eurasia comes from Dmanisi in the Georgian
Caucasus. Stratigraphic and sedimentological arguments, geochemical observations …

Numerous hypotheses explaining interspecific differences in the degree of basicranial
flexion have been presented. Several authors have argued that an increase in relative brain …

This paper reviews the evidence for the claim that neoteny, or morphological juvenilization
resulting from dissociation and retardation of ancestral rates of shape change, has played a …